A Fun and Interesting Summer at Bucktoe Cemetery

Another season of work has come and gone with the Chester County Intermediate Unit's Migrant Education (CCIU) students this summer at the Bucktoe Cemetery. This was the third year working with the CCIU students who braved the heat this year to help continue the restoration and archaeological work at the Cemetery and church site. The Land Conservancy for Southern Chester County (TLC) has been working with the New Garden Memorial UAME Church since 2011 along with the help of restorationist Eugene Hough of Saving Hallowed Ground. You can read more about the restoration and history of Bucktoe Cemetery here. This year's program at Bucktoe Cemetery was funded through generous support from CCRES, Inc. and the Sara Bowers Fund.

CCIU students and staff at the church site

Headstone fragment found

Students with the CCIU work with Eugene Hough in the cemetery to help locate signs of the missing graves as there are known to be over 120 individuals buried at the site, including at least 8 Civil War veterans. This year's work paid off as part of a headstone was found in the southwest area of the site. As you can see, the headstone belonged to a woman who died in 1870 and was found at the base of a tree.

Another exciting find in the cemetery this year was a penny, but this was no ordinary penny. It dates to 1880 and is from the Netherlands. The words you see on the front of the coin say Koningrijk der Nederlanden or Kingdom of the Netherlands. The reason behind its presence is unknown at this point, but it makes for a fascinating find.

1880 Koningrijk der Nederlanden penny

Besides working in the cemetery, the students helped continue archaeological excavations of the church site. The New Garden Memorial UAME church burned in 1904 and the congregation moved into Kennett Square where they have been located on Linden Street ever since. The exact location of the church foundation is unknown, but the general location is clear. Students are helping excavate small archaeological units to uncover remnants of the church and determine the exact dimensions. This year the students began to uncover large amounts of debris from the stone church including mortar, window glass, cut nails, and charcoal possibly from the wood floor or beams. The deeper the students go, the more frequently they uncover streaks of ash from the burning of the church.

Excavating and screening within the church foundation

The final segment of the students' day included a hike around the adjacent Bucktoe Creek Preserve where they discussed how the land reflects history. Students learned to interpret the landscape to best determine where landowners were more likely to build or not based on the available resources. Students visited multiple ruins on the Preserve and learned more about the community around the church. 

TLC had a great time with the CCIU students and look forward to having them out again next summer!

TLC can help organize an evening or weekend program for anyone interested in learning more about the Bucktoe Cemetery and archaeology. TLC has worked with scout groups for badges and can arrange private hikes or programs. If interested in learning more about the Bucktoe Cemetery program, please email education@tlcforscc.org or call 610-347-0347 ext. 104. Also stay tuned for our Chronicles Day event later this fall for a chance to explore the historic sites along the Red Clay Creek corridor!

Potential Bear Sighting on TLC Preserve

Please contact Land Manager Sequoia Rock at (610) 347-0347 x 106 or landmanager@tlcforscc.org with any additional questions regarding bears at any of the TLC preserves.

February Owl Prowl & Wildlife in Winter

BucktoeCreek Preserve, TLC’s 297-acre private sister preserve, had a lot of visitors this past weekend, as we had both our Full Moon Owl Prowl on Friday night, and our Wildlife in Winter: Adaptations on Saturday. Both of these programs had been rescheduled from the brutal weekend of Winter Storm Jonas, when we had multiple feet of snow on the ground.

 

Full Moon Owl Prowl

Fortunately, no snow was coming our way this weekend, so we bundled up Friday night, met our full group of owl prowlers, along with our two owl experts, and started learning about the owls that frequent Chester County. Tim and Kelley, our owl experts for the night, went through the 8 species of owls that can be spotted in Chester County, spouting fascinating facts about owls to our captivated audience. Did you know owls are completely silent when they fly? All other birds’ feathers make a “whoosh whoosh” noise as they fly through the air, but owls’ feathers are completely silent, making it easier for them to sneak up on their prey.



Learning about the largest resident owl in Chester County, the Great Horned Owl



It was a windy, chilly night, making our chances of seeing or hearing an owl pretty low, but we had high hopes as we split our group into two for our hike. This allows each group to be quieter, which theoretically gives us a better chance of sneaking up on an owl. As the group I was with proceeded into the woodlands, we stopped to try to call for an Eastern Screech Owl, followed by a Barred Owl. We were unsuccessful, but decided to search for eye shine in case we hadn’t seen the bird fly in. As we scanned the trees, we noticed two small eyes, with greenish/yellow eye shine peering back at us from a tall, distant tree. The creature kept staring at us, turning its head away a few times, but it seemed generally undisturbed by us, until we finally decided to move on, unsure of who we had just crossed paths with. Afterwards, one of our participants Annette, did a little detective work and found out that owls only have red eye shine. I followed up her detective work with a little of my own to find raccoons are the most likely animals to be in that habitat with a greenish/yellow eye shine. How fascinating that you can identify nocturnal animals by the color of their eye shine! We continued on, but unfortunately the wind was keeping the owls quiet. We met back up with the second group, who were unable to find owls either, for a nice wrap up with some delicious hot chocolate to warm up with. While we didn’t see any owls, our participants were certainly not disappointed, and I’m sure we will see them back for the next owl prowl, held on April 22^nd from 7:30pm-9:00pm.

 

Wildlife in Winter

Searching for evidence of wildlife in winter

Saturday was the day of our Wildlife in Winter: Adaptations program, but with the weather being in the 60’s it certainly didn’t feel like winter! Many families joined Environmental Educator Holly Merker, eager to learn a bit about our native animals, and hopeful that we would find some evidence and maybe even spot some critters living on Bucktoe Creek Preserve. We started out learning a little bit about the adaptations animals may use to help themselves survive through the winter. Some animals, such as fox and squirrels, do a behavior called caching. This means when their food source is abundant, they save some and store it for a time when it might not be so easy to find food. Other animals use camouflage to keep themselves hidden since the habitat in the winter is much sparser. Our taxidermy fox was a perfect example, the browns and reds of the fur blended perfectly with the meadow. We learned that some birds go into a state of torpor every night, meaning their heart and respiration rates slow down and their body heat drops, effectively conserving the energy they have so diligently built up during the day.

Once we were filled with interesting tidbits on adaptations our native animals use, we went out on the trail with a scavenger hunt as our guide. We wanted to find tracks, scat, and any other sorts of evidence left behind, and we were not disappointed! Almost immediately after being on the trail, we spotted some fox scat, along with little holes built by rodents on the sides of the trails. A participant quickly spotted a praying mantis egg case, and a little further down the trail we found an insect gall. We were lucky enough to see a rabbit scurry into the bushes, and hear an Eastern Towhee singing from the brush. Everybody had a wonderful time, and maybe even learned a little bit too! Join us for a last Wildlife in Winter program held on March26th from 1:00pm-2:30pm, focused on Migration.

Looking at a praying mantis egg case

We had a great weekend exploring the outdoors and learning about our native creatures! Join us for one of our upcoming programs and have your own outdoor adventure!

Children’s I-Spy Birding – Saturday, February 27thfrom 9:00am-10:30am

Falling Snowflakes Hike – Saturday, March 5thfrom 9:00am-11:00am

Sky Tour with the Chester County Astronomical Society –Saturday, March 12th from 6:30pm-8:00pm





Mammals of Southeastern Pennsylvania

As I’m writing this blog post, rain and ice has been falling since yesterday. The cold temperatures, rain, and ice may make you want to stay inside, bundled nice and warm, but here at TLC, we believe “the warmth is in the walk!” Despite the 16-degree weather last Saturday, a room full of winter-ready, excited participants joined me and expert TLC Naturalist, Gary, to learn all about the Mammals of Southeastern Pennsylvania.

 

The program started out indoors at TLC’s Walnut Hill Headquarters, where Gary laid out fascinating pelts, skulls, and antlers of mammals from our area. Gary began the program by talking about what makes a mammal a mammal: being warm-blooded, having hair, birthing live babies (except for Platypuses, which lay eggs, of course), and having mammary glands. He touched on the apex predators which historically lived here, including the Eastern Timberwolf, the Bobcat, and the Black Bear, and how in their absence, the ecosystem has changed completely. Naturally, this brought us to a discussion about the White-tailed Deer, whose populations have exploded in recent years because of the lack of the apex predators. This explosion in Deer has given the invasive plants in our area an advantage; the White-tailed Deer have evolved to choose the native plants as their food source leaving invasives like Autumn-olive, Multiflora rose, and Mile-a-Minute completely untouched.

The photo on the left shows Gary holding the pelt of a Nutria, an invasive species in North America which is part of the rodent family. On the right, he is explaining how mammal's skulls have evolved to eat meat, vegetation, or both.

Then, we started to talk about other families of mammals: Canines (Coyotes, Eastern Gray Fox, and Red Fox), the Felines (Bobcats), the Weasels (Minks, Otters, Martins) and more.  Gary discussed the different senses these mammals use—how Canines with their long noses utilize their sense of smell, and Felines have short noses, but big eyes which allow them to hunt primarily by sight. He pulled out a Coyote skull, and showed us how these carnivores have teeth built for tearing and slicing meat as opposed to the teeth of herbivorous deer, which primarily have molars for grinding vegetation. As omnivores, human teeth fall somewhere in-between, with both incisors for tearing and molars for grinding.

 

At that point, we grabbed our Tracks & Scat field guides, bundled up, and headed outside to search for evidence of mammals in the area. Since we had already learned most mammals are nocturnal, we knew searching for evidence is the best way to understand what is living in our area. Just steps away, right beneath the Chandler Mill Bridge we were able to find a large amount of frozen tracks in the mud. We immediately spotted some tiny tracks leading up to the creek, which we keyed out to be a gray squirrel. We moved further along the creek, and found raccoon tracks, more squirrel tracks, domestic dog tracks, and what we believe were mink tracks!

The tracks on the left were left by a Raccoon, the photo on the right shows various different animal tracks.

TLC offers a host of outdoor education programs all year round at Bucktoe Creek Preserve. Up next we have Wildlife in Winter Part II: Adaptations with Naturalist Holly Merker. This program will be held on Saturday, February 20^th from 1:00-2:30. Learn how wildlife in our area survive the extreme winter weather by using different types of adaptations, such as camouflage. Check out all of our upcoming programs here.